INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS SECOND EDITION【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS SECOND EDITIONPDF格式电子书版下载

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1 SOME INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS1

1.1 The Simple Steam Power Plant2

1.2 Fuel Cells4

1.3 The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle6

1.4 The Thermoelectric Refrigerator6

1.5 The Air Separation Plant8

1.6 The Gas Turbine9

1.7 The Chemical Rocket Engine11

1.8 Other Applications and Environmental Issues12

2 SOME CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS14

2.1 A Thermodynamic System and the Control Volume15

2.2 Macroscopic versus Microscopic Point of View16

2.3 Properties and State of a Substance17

2.4 Processes and Cycles18

2.5 Units for Mass，Length，Time，and Force19

2.6 Energy21

2.7 Specific Volume and Density23

2.8 Pressure25

2.9 Equality of Temperature31

2.10 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics31

2.11 Temperature Scales31

Homework Problems34

3 PROPERTIES OF A PURE SUBSTANCE38

3.1 The Pure Substance39

3.2 Vapor—Liquid—Solid-Phase Equilibrium in a Pure Substance40

3.3 Independent Properties of a Pure Substance46

3.4 Tables of Thermodynamic Properties46

3.5 Thermodynamic Surfaces53

3.6 The P—V—T Behavior of Low- and Moderate-Density Gases56

3.7 The Compressibility Factor57

3.8 Equations of State62

3.9 Computerized Tables63

3.10 How-To Section64

Homework Problems69

4 WORK AND HEAT74

4.1 Definition of Work75

4.2 Units for Work76

4.3 Work Done at the Moving Boundary of a Simple Compressible System77

4.4 Other Systems That Involve Work86

4.5 Concluding Remarks Regarding Work88

4.6 Definition of Heat90

4.7 Heat Transfer Modes91

4.8 Comparison of Heat and Work92

4.9 How-To Section94

Homework Problems96

5 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS102

5.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Control Mass Undergoing a Cycle103

5.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Change in State of a Control Mass104

5.3 Internal Energy—A Thermodynamic Property110

5.4 Problem Analysis and Solution Technique111

5.5 The Thermodynamic Property Enthalpy114

5.6 The Constant-Volume and Constant-Pressure Specific Heats117

5.7 The Internal Energy，Enthalpy，and Specific Heat of Ideal Gases119

5.8 The First Law as a Rate Equation124

5.9 Conservation of Mass126

5.10 How-To Section127

Homework Problems129

6 FIRST-LAW ANALYSIS FOR A CONTROL VOLUME138

6.1 Conservation of Mass and the Control Volume138

6.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Control Volume141

6.3 The Steady-State Process144

6.4 Examples of Steady-State Processes146

6.5 The Transient Process159

6.6 How-To Section166

Homework Problems170

7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS180

7.1 Heat Engines and Refrigerators181

7.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics186

7.3 The Reversible Process189

7.4 Factors That Render Processes Irreversible190

7.5 The Carnot Cycle193

7.6 Two Propositions Regarding the Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle195

7.7 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale197

7.8 The Ideal-Gas Temperature Scale197

7.9 Ideal versus Real Machines201

Homework Problems206

8 ENTROPY211

8.1 The Inequality of Clausius212

8.2 Entropy—A Property of a System216

8.3 The Entropy of a Pure Substance217

8.4 Entropy Change in Reversible Process219

8.5 The Thermodynamic Property Relation224

8.6 Entropy Change of a Solid or Liquid225

8.7 Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas226

8.8 The Reversible Polytropic Process for an Ideal Gas230

8.9 Entropy Change of a Control Mass During an Irreversible Process233

8.10 Entropy Generation235

8.11 Principle of the Increase of Entropy237

8.12 Entropy as a Rate Equation240

8.13 How-To Section241

Homework Problems245

9 SECOND-LAW ANALYSIS FOR A CONTROL VOLUME254

9.1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics for a Control Volume254

9.2 The Steady-State Process and the Transient Process256

9.3 The Steady-State Single Flow Process263

9.4 Principle of the Increase of Entropy267

9.5 Efficiency269

9.6 Available Energy，Reversible Work，and Irreversibility275

9.7 Availability and Second-Law Efficiency281

9.8 Some General Comments About Entropy and Chaos286

9.9 How-To Section288

Homework Problems292

10 GAS MIXTURES302

10.1 General Considerations and Mixtures of Ideal Gases302

10.2 A Simplified Model of a Mixture Involving Gases and a Vapor309

10.3 The First Law Applied to Gas—Vapor Mixtures312

10.4 The Adiabatic Saturation Process315

10.5 Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures317

10.6 The Psychrometric Chart318

10.7 How-To Section319

Homework Problems323

11 POWER AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS330

11.1 Introduction to Power Systems331

11.2 The Rankine Cycle333

11.3 The Regenerative Cycle339

11.4 Deviation of Actual Cycles from Ideal Cycles343

11.5 Cogeneration347

11.6 Air-Standard Power Cycles348

11.7 The Brayton Cycle349

11.8 The Simple Gas-Turbine Cycle with a Regenerator356

11.9 The Air-Standard Cycle for Jet Propulsion358

11.10 Reciprocating Engine Power Cycles360

11.11 The Otto Cycle362

11.12 The Diesel Cycle365

11.13 Introduction to Refrigeration Systems368

11.14 The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle369

11.15 Working Fluids for Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems372

11.16 Deviation of the Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle from the Ideal Cycle372

11.17 The Air-Standard Refrigeration Cycle375

11.18 Combined-Cycle Power and Refrigeration Systems378

Homework Problems382

12 CHEMICAL REACTIONS393

12.1 Fuels394

12.2 The Combustion Process396

12.3 Enthalpy of Formation404

12.4 First-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems406

12.5 Enthalpy of Combustion410

12.6 Adiabatic Flame Temperature413

12.7 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropy415

12.8 Second-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems416

12.9 Fuel Cells419

12.10 Chemical Equilibrium421

12.11 How-To Section426

Homework Problems430

13 INTRODUCTION TO HEAT TRANSFER435

13.1 Heat Transfer Modes435

13.2 Steady One-Dimensional Conduction440

13.3 Extended Surfaces450

13.4 Internal Energy Generation458

13.5 Transient Heat Transfer460

13.6 Convection Heat Transfer463

13.7 Electronics Cooling473

Homework Problems478

CONTENTS OF APPENDIX487

APPENDIX A SI UNITS：SINGLE-STATE PROPERTIES489

APPENDIX B SI UNITS：THERMODYNAMIC TABLES509

APPENDIX C IDEAL GAS SPECIFIC HEAT555

APPENDIX D EQUATIONS OF STATE557

APPENDIX E FIGURES561

APPENDIX F ENGLISH UNIT SUPPLEMENT567

APPENDIX G ENGLISH UNIT TABLES577

ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS607

INDEX613