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Part Ⅰ．JavaScript Quick Start3

1．Basic JavaScript3

Background3

Syntax4

Variables and Assignment6

Values7

Booleans12

Numbers14

Operators15

Strings15

Statements16

Functions18

Exception Handling21

Strict Mode21

Variable Scoping and Closures22

Objects and Constructors24

Arrays28

Regular Expressions31

Math31

Other Functionality of the Standard Library32

Part Ⅱ．Background35

2．Why JavaScript?35

Is JavaScript Freely Available?35

Is JavaScript Elegant?35

Is JavaScript Useful?36

Does JavaScript Have Good Tools?37

Is JavaScript Fast Enough?37

Is JavaScript Widely Used?38

Does JavaScript Have a Future?38

Conclusion38

3．The Nature of JavaScript39

Quirks and Unorthodox Features40

Elegant Parts40

Influences41

4．How JavaScript Was Created43

5．Standardization:ECMAScript45

6．Historical JavaScript Milestones47

Part Ⅲ．JavaScript in Depth53

7．JavaScript's Syntax53

An Overview of the Syntax53

Comments54

Expressions Versus Statements54

Control Flow Statements and Blocks57

Rules for Using Semicolons57

Legal Identifiers60

Invoking Methods on Number Literals62

Strict Mode62

8．Values67

JavaScript's Type System67

Primitive Values Versus Objects69

Primitive Values69

Objects70

undefined and null71

Wrapper Objects for Primitives75

Type Coercion77

9．Operators81

Operators and Objects81

Assignment Operators81

Equality Operators:===Versus==83

Ordering Operators87

The Plus Operator(+)88

Operators for Booleans and Numbers89

Special Operators89

Categorizing Values via typeof and instanceof92

Object Operators95

10．Booleans97

Converting to Boolean97

Logical Operators99

Equality Operators,Ordering Operators102

The Function Boolean102

11．Numbers103

Number Literals103

Converting to Number104

Special Number Values106

The Internal Representation of Numbers111

Handling Rounding Errors112

Integers in JavaScript114

Converting to Integer117

Arithmetic Operators122

Bitwise Operators124

The Function Number127

Number Constructor Properties128

Number Prototype Methods128

Functions for Numbers131

Sources for This Chapter132

12．Strings133

String Literals133

Escaping in String Literals134

Character Access135

Converting to String135

Comparing Strings136

Concatenating Strings137

The Function String138

String Constructor Method138

String Instance Property length139

String Prototype Methods139

13．Statements145

Declaring and Assigning Variables145

The Bodies of Loops and Conditionals145

Loops146

Conditionals150

The with Statement153

The debugger Statement155

14．ExceptionHandling157

What Is Exception Handling?157

Exception Handling in JavaScript158

Error Constructors161

Stack Traces162

Implementing Your Own Error Constructor163

15．Functions165

The Three Roles of Functions in JavaScript165

Terminology:"Parameter"Versus"Argument"166

Defining Functions166

Hoisting168

The Name of a Function169

Which Is Better:A Function Declaration or a Function Expression?169

More Control over Function Calls:call(),apply(),and bind()170

Handling Missing or Extra Parameters171

Named Parameters176

16．Variables:Scopes,Environments,and Closures179

Declaring a Variable179

Background:Static Versus Dynamic179

Background:The Scope of a Variable180

Variables Are Function-Scoped181

Variable Declarations Are Hoisted182

Introducing a New Scope via an IIFE183

Global Variables186

The Global Object188

Environments:Managing Variables190

Closures:Functions Stay Connected to Their Birth Scopes193

17．Objects and Inheritance197

Layer 1:Single Objects197

Converting Any Value to an Object203

this as an Implicit Parameter of Functions and Methods204

Layer 2:The Prototype Relationship Between Objects211

Iteration and Detection of Properties217

Best Practices:Iterating over Own Properties220

Accessors(Getters and Setters)221

Property Attributes and Property Descriptors222

Protecting Objects229

Layer 3:Constructors—Factories for Instances231

Data in Prototype Properties241

Keeping Data Private244

Layer 4:Inheritance Between Constructors251

Methods of All Objects257

Generic Methods:Borrowing Methods from Prototypes260

Pitfalls:Using an Object as a Map266

Cheat Sheet:Working with Objects270

18．Arrays273

Overview273

Creating Arrays274

Array Indices276

length279

Holes in Arrays282

Array Constructor Method285

Array Prototype Methods286

Adding and Removing Elements(Destructive)286

Sorting and Reversing Elements(Destructive)287

Concatenating,Slicing,Joining(Nondestructive)289

Searching for Values(Nondestructive)290

Iteration (Nondestructive)291

Pitfall:Array-Like Objects295

Best Practices:Iterating over Arrays295

19．Regular Expressions297

Regular Expression Syntax297

Unicode and Regular Expressions302

Creating a Regular Expression302

RegExp.prototype.test:Is There a Match?304

String.prototype.search:At What Index Is There a Match?305

RegExp.prototype.exec:Capture Groups305

String.prototype.match:Capture Groups or Return All Matching Substrings307

String.prototype.replace:Search and Replace307

Problems with the Flag/g309

Tips andTricks311

Regular Expression Cheat Sheet314

20．Dates317

The Date Constructor317

Date Constructor Methods318

Date Prototype Methods319

Date Time Formats322

Time Values:Dates as Milliseconds Since 1970-01-01324

21．Math327

Math Properties327

Numerical Functions328

Trigonometric Functions329

Other Functions330

22．JSON333

Background333

JSON.stringify(value,replacer?,space?)337

JSON.parse(text,reviver?)340

Transforming Data via Node Visitors341

23．StandardGlobalVariables345

Constructors345

Error Constructors345

Nonconstructor Functions346

Dynamically Evaluating JavaScript Code via eval()and new Function()347

The Console API351

Namespaces and Special Values356

24．Unicodeand JavaScript357

Unicode History357

Important Unicode Concepts357

Code Points359

Unicode Encodings359

JavaScript Source Code and Unicode361

JavaScript Strings and Unicode364

JavaScript Regular Expressions and Unicode365

25．Newin ECMAScript5369

New Features369

Syntactic Changes370

New Functionality in the Standard Library370

Tips for Working with Legacy Browsers372

Part Ⅳ．Tips,Tools,and Libraries375

26．A Meta Code Style Guide375

Existing Style Guides375

General Tips375

Commonly Accepted Best Practices377

Controversial Rules382

Conclusion386

27．Language Mechanisms for Debugging387

28．Subclassing Built-ins389

Terminology389

Obstacle 1:Instances with Internal Properties389

Obstacle 2:A Constructor That Can't Be Called as a Function392

Another Solution:Delegation393

29．JSDoc:Generating API Documentation395

The Basics of JSDoc396

BasicTags397

Documenting Functions and Methods399

Inline Type Information ("Inline Doc Comments")399

Documenting Variables,Parameters,and Instance Properties400

Documenting Classes401

Other Useful Tags403

30．Libraries405

Shims Versus Polyfills405

Four Language Libraries406

The ECMAScript Internationalization API406

Directories for JavaScript Resources408

31．Module Systems and Package Managers411

Module Systems411

Package Managers412

Quick and Dirty Modules412

32．MoreTools415

33．WhattoDoNext417

Index419