言语动词的隐喻性评价研究【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Introduction1

1 The background of the research1

2 The research purposes and significance7

3 The research methodology and data collection9

4 The organization of this book11

Chapter 1 Previous Studies of Speech Verbs and Evaluation13

1.1 Introduction13

1.2 The definition of speech verbs14

1.3 Four major approaches to speech verbs16

1.3.1 The first major approach:the traditional approach16

1.3.2 The second major approach:Speech Act Theory18

1.3.3 The third major approach:statistics20

1.3.4 The fourth major approach:Systemic Functional Grammar24

1.4 Two major approaches to evaluation30

1.4.1 The philosophical approach31

1.4.2 The linguistic approach34

1.4.3 Two major linguistic frameworks of evaluation41

1.5 The shortcomings of previous studies54

1.6 Summary56

Chapter 2 Speech Verbs and the Reporting Nature58

2.1 Introduction58

2.2 A new classification of speech verbs59

2.3 The syntactic properties of speech verbs66

2.3.1 The addresser:Sayer66

2.3.2 The addressee:Receiver67

2.3.3 Sentence frames68

2.3.4 "Wh-"words70

2.4 The reporting nature of speech verbs71

2.4.1 Speech verbs and reporting72

2.4.2 Direct speech and indirect speech79

2.4.3 The performative function of reporting83

2.5 The performances of speech verbs85

2.5.1 Speech verbs and a speaker/writer's responsibility86

2.5.2 Speech verbs as hearsay markers88

2.6 Summary90

Chapter 3 Metaphoric Evaluation91

3.1 Introduction91

3.2 Grammatical metaphor:the basis of metaphoric evaluation92

3.2.1 Ideational metaphor93

3.2.2 Interpersonal metaphor95

3.3 Two motivations of metaphoric evaluation96

3.3.1 Speech verbs'features of expressing evaluative meanings97

3.3.2 Realizing interpersonal metaphor through speech verbs103

3.4 The topological interpretation of interpersonal metaphor109

3.5 Summary120

Chapter 4 A Study of Speech Verbs Below the Clause122

4.1 Introduction122

4.2 Speech experience and speech verbs123

4.2.1 From a sequence to a figure127

4.2.2 From a figure/sequence to an element128

4.2.3 From a figure to another kind of figure129

4.3 Two relations of speech verbs'meanings and the software WordNet131

4.3.1 Entailment132

4.3.2 Troponymy136

4.3.3 WordNet:setting up a topological structure of speech verbs138

4.4 The method of identifying speech verbs'evaluative meanings144

4.5 Summary149

Chapter 5 A Study of Speech Verbs Above the Clause and Beyond the Clause151

5.1 Introduction151

5.2 Features of speech verbs cross-process and cross-function152

5.2.1 Verbal and behavioral processes153

5.2.2 Verbal and mental processes155

5.2.3 Verbal and relational processes157

5.3 The evaluative analysis of speech verbs in news reporting:above the clause158

5.3.1 Words Location:a software designed for this research159

5.3.2 The cognitive analysis of news reporting's foundation161

5.3.3 The similarities of news reporting and conversation reporting163

5.3.4 The analysis of speech verbs in news reporting:above the clause164

5.4 The evaluative analysis of speech verbs in courtroom discourse:above the clause177

5.4.1 The evaluative analysis of speech verbs in opening statements178

5.4.2 The evaluative analysis of speech verbs in direct examinations182

5.5　The studies of speech verbs beyond the clause189

5.5.1 The tense of speech verbs and evaluation190

5.5.2 A case study of say beyond the clause191

5.6 Summary194

Conclusion195

Appendix 1 The Classification of 236 Speech Act Verbs by Wierzbicka198

Appendix 2 The Senses of Apply Given by WordNet 2.0202

Appendix 3 The Application of Words Location204

Appendix 4 Sample Concordance Lines for Say206

Appendix 5 Data Samples208

Bibliography256